Complete Information About An Apple Farming In India

Malus sieversii is known as the main species of apple planted and is morphologically similar. Due to genetic diversity in Central Asia, the region is generally considered to be the origin of apples. The apple is thought to have been bred 4000-10000 years ago in the Tian Shan Mountains.

Chinese soft apples, like M. Asiatica and M. prunifolia, have grown as dessert apples for more than 2000 years in China. These are thought to be a mixture between M. baccata and M. sieversii in Kazakhstan.

Among the factors chosen by human farmers are size, fruit sourness, colour, firmness, and melting sugar. Unusually for domestic fruit, the wild origin of M. sieversii is only smaller than a modern pet apple.

Introduction

The scientific name for apple is ‘Malus’ Apples are mostly consumed fresh. But apple’s small part of production is processed into cans, juices, jellies etc. and other items. In India, Farmer primarily cultivate it in Jammu Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, hills of Uttranchal and also in some parts of Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Punjab and Sikkim. The requiring variety pieces are usually attach to sturdy nursery plants about 18 months old; planting an orchard follows one or two years later. Management within six to eight years before good apple production can be achieve may involve a little more protection than pest-resistant plants. Careful pruning of the pruning is necessary, however, especially during the first five years, so that large scaffold branches will spread evenly around the stem and prevent the growth of weak, hooked hooks under heavy fruit loads.

The Weather of Harvesting Apple

An apple is a cool-weather fruit crop. However, in India, the growing areas of apples are not known for the cool climate but the tropical climate that exists due to the Himalayan range and high altitude. Apples can easily grow at altitudes 1,500 m to 2,700 m; the temperature should be between 21 degrees Celsius to 25 degrees celsius Apples thrive in areas where the trees have a fair amount of rest in winter and abundant sunlight to enhance their colour.

Preparation of Land for farming purpose;-

For commercial apple, farming cultivate apples on well-drained soil, which is rich in organic matter and PH range of 5.5 and 6.5

Propagation Of Apple Farming Method:-

Apples are propagated. However, be careful when choosing apples for planting apples. It would help if you moved from real and registered kindergartens in your area. You should properly replant when the seedlings planting in the nursery are ready or ready to be plant in your apple orchard.

Planting and Spacing in the Apple Farming:-

The average number of plants in a nearby area may range from 200 to 1250. 4 different categories of planting density are implementing low ( less than 300 plants per hectare ), moderate ( 300 to 500 plants per hectare ), high ( 500 to 1300 plants per hectare ), ultra-high ( more than 1300 plants )

Planting Method in Apple Farming:-

The hexagonal square system of the plantation is follow in the valleys, whereas the contour method is normally following on the slopes. Apple plantation of pollinator species in between the main species is requiring for proper apple fruit setting. For the establishment of Royal Delicious variety, Red Delicious and Golden Delicious pollinators are recommending by the Horticulture department. DIg pit sizes of 1mx1mx1m are preparing for planting from October to November. In every pot, 32 kg to 42 kg of approx farmyard manure, 499 gms approx of superphosphate and 50 gms of Malathion dust are add after mixing properly

Use of Manure and Fertilizers in Apple Farming 

Farmyard manure @ 10 kg./ year tree is use in combination with other fertilizers. The amount of fertilizer depends on the fertility of the soil and the amount of natural fertilizer applied to the plant. Generally, the application of 350 g N, 175 g P2O5 and 350 g K2O per plant per year in divided doses is recommend for fully productive trees. In some plants, deficiency of zinc, boron, manganese, and calcium may appear by the application of appropriate chemicals to the leaf spray. For this purpose, usually, farmers use their new tractor. The tractor price ranges between 4,00,000 – 8,00,000.

Pests and Disease in Apple Farming

The main pests in apple plantations are Jose Scale, Wooly Apple, white scale, Blossom thrips etc. Suitable operations planting of resistant rootstock and spraying with carbaryl and fenitrothion. The main disease found in apple farming is apple scrabs, crown gal, canker, black disease. The infected plants should not used for the cultivation

Harvesting of Apple Farming 

Apples are usually ready to harvest from September-October outside Nilgiris when the season runs from April to July. Fruits ripen within 130-150 days after full flowering depending on the variety planted. Fruit ripeness is associate with changes in colour, texture, quality, and enhancement of taste. Fruits at harvest should be uniform, firm and crisp. Skin colour at maturity ranges from yellow to red, depending on the variety. However, the best time to harvest depends on the quality of the fruit and the intended time of storage. Due to the introduction of picking a small stump by hand, it is recommend as it reduces the scratches due to the fall of the fruit during mechanical harvesting.

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